Long-term usage of a specific type of medication for acid reflux has been associated with a 33% increased risk of dementia, as per recent research. Individuals who regularly consume proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for four and a half years or longer are more likely to develop this cognitive condition.
Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid moves back into the esophagus, typically after meals or while lying down. Symptoms of acid reflux include heartburn and ulcers, and persistent acid reflux can progress to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), which is linked to esophageal cancer.
GORD is a prevalent issue, affecting up to 40% of the UK population with frequent heartburn. PPIs work by reducing stomach acid production through targeting specific enzymes in the stomach lining.
However, prolonged use of these medications has previously been associated with an increased risk of stroke, fractures, and kidney problems. A study published in Neurology by an American research team emphasized that while a connection between acid reflux drugs and dementia was observed, causation was not proven.
Lead researcher and vascular neurologist Professor Kamakshi Lakshminarayan stated that while PPIs are effective in managing acid reflux, long-term usage has been linked to various health risks. The study involved over 5,700 participants aged 45 and above without dementia at the study’s commencement, with an average age of 75. Their medication history was tracked through study visits and annual phone calls.
Of the participants, 26% had used acid reflux drugs and were categorized based on duration of usage. Over the 5.5-year follow-up period, 10% of participants developed dementia. Adjusting for factors such as age, sex, and health issues like high blood pressure and diabetes, the researchers noted a 33% higher risk of dementia in individuals using acid reflux drugs for more than 4.4 years compared to non-users.
The study did not find an increased dementia risk in those using the drugs for less than 4.4 years. Prof. Lakshminarayan emphasized the need for further research to confirm these findings and explore the potential link between long-term PPI use and dementia risk. It is advisable for individuals on these medications to consult their healthcare provider before altering their treatment regimen, as abrupt discontinuation may lead to exacerbated symptoms.
